An architectural style characterized by massive, blocky forms and raw concrete surfaces (béton brut), emphasizing geometric, fortress-like compositions. Popular from the 1950s-1970s, it expressed idealistic social housing and institutional architecture.
From French 'béton brut' (raw concrete), coined by Le Corbusier. British critic Reyner Banham popularized 'Brutalism' in the 1950s, connecting it to the ethical idealism of the 'New Brutalism' movement.
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