To challenge someone who appears to be making empty threats or false claims; to demand proof or action when you suspect someone is deceiving or exaggerating.
This phrase comes directly from poker, where 'bluffing' means betting confidently with a weak hand to convince opponents you have strong cards. 'Calling' means matching the bet to see the bluffer's actual cards. The phrase moved into general usage in the late 1800s as poker terminology became widely understood.
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