The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis where carbon dioxide is fixed into organic molecules using ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions. This cycle occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts and produces glucose.
Named after American biochemist Melvin Calvin, who won the 1961 Nobel Prize for elucidating this pathway using radioactive carbon-14 to trace carbon's path through photosynthesis. Also called the Calvin-Benson cycle to honor Andrew Benson, Calvin's key collaborator.
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