The ordered series of events that leads to cell division, consisting of distinct phases: G1 (gap 1), S (synthesis), G2 (gap 2), and M (mitosis). Each phase has specific checkpoints to ensure proper progression.
The concept developed in the early 1900s as scientists observed that cell division occurred in predictable patterns. The term 'cycle' emphasizes the circular nature of the process, where division leads back to the beginning of a new cycle.
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