The statistical study of populations, including their size, distribution, density, and vital statistics such as births, deaths, and migration patterns. It analyzes how populations change over time and space.
From Greek demos (people) + graphein (to write), meaning 'people writing' or 'description of populations.' The term was coined in French as démographie in 1855 by Belgian statistician Achille Guillard, then adopted into English. It represents the systematic 'writing' or recording of population data and trends.
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