The process by which bacteria convert nitrates and nitrites in soil back into nitrogen gas, returning nitrogen to the atmosphere. This process occurs in oxygen-poor environments and is part of the nitrogen cycle.
From Latin 'de-' meaning 'removal' and 'nitrification' from 'nitrum' (saltpeter) plus '-fication' (making). The term emerged in the late 19th century when scientists discovered bacteria could reverse the nitrogen fixation process.
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