An acquisition attempt where the acquiring company bypasses the target company's management and board of directors, typically by making a direct offer to shareholders or seeking to replace the board. The takeover is 'hostile' because it proceeds despite opposition from the target company's leadership.
Military terminology adapted to business in the 1960s, with 'hostile' from Latin 'hostilis' (enemy) and 'takeover' from the verb phrase 'take over.' The metaphor reflects the adversarial nature of unwanted acquisitions, where companies are viewed as territories to be conquered rather than partners to be courted.
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