An enhanced state of alertness and scanning for threats in the environment, often accompanied by an exaggerated startle response and difficulty relaxing. This symptom is commonly seen in post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, and other stress-related conditions.
From Greek 'hyper-' (over, above) and Latin 'vigilantia' (watchfulness). The term gained prominence in the late 20th century through research on trauma responses and PTSD, describing an adaptive survival mechanism that becomes maladaptive when persistent.
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