Abnormally low blood pressure that may cause symptoms like dizziness, fainting, or shock. Generally defined as systolic pressure below 90 mmHg, though symptoms matter more than specific numbers.
From Greek 'hypo' (under, below) + Latin 'tensio' (a stretching). The term developed alongside hypertension in the early 20th century as blood pressure measurement became standardized. The concept evolved from simply noting 'weak pulse' to understanding the physiological implications of inadequate perfusion pressure.
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