Relating to or denoting the accusative case in grammar, especially the structural properties of that case.
From accusative plus the suffix -al. The accusative case name itself comes from Latin accusativus casus, named because it's the case of the 'accused' or direct object in a sentence.
Latin grammarians named cases after their function, and the accusative is the case that typically holds the direct object—the thing being 'acted upon' or 'accused' of receiving the action!
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