A movement disorder characterized by a subjective feeling of inner restlessness and an irresistible urge to move, often manifesting as pacing, shifting weight, or inability to sit still. This condition is commonly caused by antipsychotic medications and can be extremely distressing to patients.
From Greek 'a-' (not) and 'kathisis' (sitting), literally meaning 'not sitting'. The term was first used in 1901 by Czech neurologist Ladislav Haskovec to describe this specific type of motor restlessness distinct from other movement disorders.
Akathisia is one of the most subjectively distressing medication side effects and can be mistaken for anxiety or agitation, leading to inappropriate increases in antipsychotic doses that actually worsen the condition. The internal torment of akathisia has been linked to increased suicide risk and violent behavior, making recognition and treatment crucial for patient safety.
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