A number that divides evenly into another number with no remainder, creating an equal division.
From Latin 'aliquota' meaning 'other' or 'additional parts,' with 'quot' meaning 'how many.' It literally means 'a number of equal parts' and has been used in mathematics since the 16th century.
Chemists and pharmacists love aliquots because when you need exactly equal doses of medicine, you're dividing the total amount into aliquot parts—it's why your prescription bottle says 'shake well' so each aliquot is identical.
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