The quality of being bitter; bitterness in taste, feeling, or temperament.
From Latin 'amarus' (bitter) + the suffix '-ity' (indicating a state or quality). A direct formation showing how medieval and modern language creators turned descriptive words into abstract concepts.
Amarity and amaritude are basically synonyms trying to do the same job—English has these redundant words from different etymological paths, and this competition between alternatives shows how language constantly experiments before settling on winners.
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