Inflammation of the tonsils (amygdala), commonly called tonsillitis.
From amygdala (almond/tonsil) + -itis (inflammation). The tonsils were named amygdalae because of their almond-like shape. The -itis suffix comes from Greek and became standard in medical terminology by the 18th century.
Your tonsils earned their medical name because ancient anatomists thought they looked like almonds—so when you have a sore throat, you literally have 'almond inflammation!' This shows how physical appearance gave names to body parts long before we understood their function.
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