An abnormal absence or deficiency of the nerve fibers or nervous tissue in a particular part of the body.
From Greek an- (not) + neura (nerve), literally 'without nerve.' The condition implies the lack or underdevelopment of neural tissue where it should normally be present.
This condition is extremely rare in humans but can occur in severe developmental disorders—it's one of those medical terms that describes something so specific and unusual that most doctors might never see a case in their entire career.
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