The concluding part of a conditional sentence that states the result, like the 'then' clause in 'if X, then Y.'
From Ancient Greek apodosis (ἀπόδοσις), from apo- (away, back) + dosis (giving), literally 'a giving back.' Adopted into grammatical terminology by ancient Greek grammarians.
The apodosis is why we can say 'If it rains, I'll stay inside'—that second part isn't random; it's the 'payoff' that your brain expects once you've set up an 'if,' making conditional thinking hardwired into language structure.
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