A scholar or expert in archaeology; an archaeologist (rare or archaic variant).
From Greek 'archaeo-' (ancient) + 'logia' (study) + '-ian' (person suffix). This variant emerged in the 18th-19th centuries as a less common alternative to the now-standard 'archaeologist'.
You'll rarely see 'archaeologian' today, but it's a fossil word itself—a linguistic remnant showing how English speakers experimented with different professional titles before standardizing 'archaeologist' in the early 1900s.
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