A chief or principal synagogue, or a senior official or leader of a synagogue in Jewish communities, especially in the Roman Empire.
From Greek archi- (chief) + synagoge (synagogue, gathering). A term from Hellenistic and Roman-period Jewish sources referring to synagogue leadership and organization.
In Roman times, Jewish communities had archisynagogues—chief synagogue officials—and this Greek-based title shows how Jewish organizational language adapted to each empire it lived under, borrowing their titles while keeping their own religious structures!
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