In a state of shaking or trembling; shaking or quivering (archaic or poetic usage).
From Old English a- (prefix meaning 'in a state of') + shake, creating a descriptive compound that was more common in Middle and Early Modern English.
Ashake is a poetic word you might find in old literature—the 'a-' prefix was used to stack describing words like 'atremble,' 'aflame,' and 'asleep' until modern English dropped this habit.
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