A taxonomic group or classification (now archaic) referring to certain reptiles based on the structure of their tongue.
From Greek autos 'self' + archein 'to rule' + glossa 'tongue'—referring to reptiles with self-governing tongue structures, used in obsolete biological classification systems.
This wonderfully weird scientific term shows how 19th-century naturalists loved creating Greek-based names; 'autarchoglossa' was based on a now-abandoned way of organizing reptile evolution.
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