The plural form referring to multiple instances or qualities of being away, absent, or at a distance from something.
From away (Old English onweg, 'on way') + -ness (suffix forming abstract nouns) + -es (plural marker). The term evolved from literal physical distance to abstract concepts of separation or remoteness.
This is a rare word that shows how English lets us take almost any state of being and turn it into a countable noun—you can have multiple 'awaynesses' the way a poet might describe different shades of distance in a single moment.
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