The membrane or outer covering that surrounds the axon of a nerve cell.
From Greek 'axon' (axle/axis) + 'lemma' (from Greek 'lemma' meaning 'husk,' 'peel,' or 'outer covering'). In biology, '-lemma' refers to outer protective layers.
The axolemma is one of the brain's most important gatekeepers—it selectively controls what ions can enter and exit the axon, which is absolutely crucial for nerve signals to work; damage to it causes neurological diseases like ALS.
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