The world, sphere, or class of baboos (Indian clerks and officials); the realm or society of baboos collectively.
From 'baboo' plus the '-dom' suffix (from Old English 'dōm' meaning 'judgment' or 'power'), which denotes a kingdom, domain, or state of being (as in 'kingdom,' 'freedom,' 'boredom').
The '-dom' suffix is surprisingly productive in English—it can refer to actual kingdoms but also abstract realms like 'nerd-dom' or 'christendom,' showing how we use spatial metaphors to think about social groups.
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