A young barley plant, or a small/young form of barley; also possibly a dialectal term for a barley grain or seed.
From 'barley' with the diminutive suffix '-ling' (meaning something small or young), as in 'duckling' or 'sapling.' This would reference the early growth stage of barley plants.
The '-ling' suffix is how English speakers made diminutives—a gosling is a young goose, a duckling is a young duck, so a barling would be a young barley plant just sprouting in spring!
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