All the organisms, plants, and animals that live on or near the bottom of an ocean, sea, or lake.
From Ancient Greek benthos meaning 'depth of the sea.' Adopted into marine biology in the early 20th century to formally name this ecological zone and its inhabitants.
Benthos reveals hidden cities—coral reefs, kelp forests, and hydrothermal vent ecosystems are entire civilizations thriving in darkness where sunlight never reaches, powered by chemicals from Earth's interior instead of the sun!
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