Either ran away suddenly and quickly, or fastened something tightly with a bolt.
Old English 'bolt' originally referred to a short arrow or missile, then to the metal fastener used for weapons, then to fastening in general. The 'run away' meaning comes from the arrow's swift motion.
The verb 'bolt' has three meanings—to fasten, to run away, and as a noun an arrow—all connected because they share the sense of sudden movement or a sudden joining, whether it's an arrow flying or a person sprinting!
Complete word intelligence in one call. Free tier — 50 lookups/day.