A style of blues piano music with a fast, repetitive bass pattern and energetic, rhythmic playing developed in the early 20th century.
From African-American blues tradition, the term emerged in the 1920s, possibly combining 'boogie' (related to a style of blues playing) with 'woogie' (perhaps from the sound of the bass). The style became hugely popular during the swing era.
Boogie-woogie pianists created an entire genre with just one hand driving a relentless beat—it was the birth of what would become electronic dance music, a century before computers.
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