A small town or country village, slightly more developed than a hamlet but smaller than a full city.
From French 'bourgade', derived from 'bourg' with the augmentative suffix '-ade'. This creates a noun meaning a place with the characteristics of a bourg.
French has this beautiful way of stacking suffixes—'bourg' (town) becomes 'bourgade' (little town)—which lets speakers be precise about exactly how big a settlement is, something English doesn't do as well!
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