The act of placing marks or symbols (brackets) around something to enclose it, or in philosophy, to set aside assumptions to focus on the essence of a concept.
From 'bracket' (from French 'braguette'). In phenomenology, the term was adopted by Edmund Husserl to describe the methodological process of temporarily setting aside beliefs.
In philosophy, 'bracketing' your assumptions sounds simple but it's incredibly hard—you have to pretend you've never heard of something and examine it as if brand new!
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