Plural of breakthrough; major discoveries, innovations, or sudden significant progress or success.
From 'break' + 'through' (to penetrate or overcome); emerged in the 20th century in scientific, medical, and business contexts. The '-es' plural is a non-standard or archaic variant of '-s'.
The modern plural is 'breakthroughs' not 'breakthroughes'—this form is either archaic or represents older English pluralization rules. Seeing 'breakthroughes' is like linguistic archaeology, revealing how plurals changed over time.
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