Bodyweight exercises that use your own body weight as resistance to build strength, flexibility, and coordination. Examples include push-ups, pull-ups, and handstands.
From Greek 'kallos' (beauty) + 'sthenos' (strength), literally meaning 'beautiful strength.' The term was popularized in the 19th century as part of physical education movements emphasizing graceful, natural movement.
Ancient Greek soldiers used calisthenics as primary training - the Spartan agoge included extensive bodyweight conditioning! Modern street workout culture has revived this art form, with athletes performing incredible feats like human flags and muscle-ups using only their bodyweight.
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