A system of physical exercises and movements using mainly body weight, often done without equipment, to develop strength, flexibility, and cardiovascular fitness.
Plural/noun form of callisthenic, from Greek 'kallos' + 'sthenos.' The systematic approach became popular in 19th-century gymnasiums and military training, emphasizing disciplined, graceful movement.
Calisthenics experienced a major resurgence in the 21st century when fitness experts realized you need zero equipment to get extremely fit—now street workout movements and calisthenic skills like handstands and one-finger push-ups have become their own competitive sport with world championships.
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