The skull or the dome-shaped top part of the skull, used in anatomy and scientific study.
From Latin calvaria, meaning skull, derived from calvus (bald), because the top of the skull is rounded and bare like a bald head. The term became the anatomical standard name for the braincase portion of the skull.
Scientists use 'calvaria' because it's the perfect word to describe just the rounded dome of the skull without the face—it's literally the word for the part of your head that would look completely bald if you had no hair, which is exactly what a bald skull looks like!
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