Relating to or characteristic of Campania, the Italian region, or its people, culture, and geological features.
From Campania plus English suffix -ian. In geology, 'Campanian' specifically refers to a stage of the Late Cretaceous period, named after rocks studied in the Campania region.
Geologists borrowed Campania's name for an entire geological time period (about 83-72 million years ago)—it's one of the few places where humans literally named deep time after a specific location!
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