The present participle of 'carton'; the process of packing items into cardboard boxes for shipping or storage.
From 'carton' (from French carton, derived from Italian cartone, from Latin charta meaning 'paper') plus the gerund suffix '-ing' (from Old English -ing).
In factories and distribution centers, 'cartoning' is a specialized job—machines rapidly fold cardboard, fill it with products, seal it, and ship it, and while robots now do most cartoning, the term remains from when workers packed boxes by hand.
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