An archaic or variant spelling of 'categories,' meaning groups or classifications into which things are divided.
This appears to be an alternate historical spelling of category, from Greek kategoria (predication, accusation) derived from kategoros (accuser). The -ies ending indicates plural form.
Spelling variations like 'catagories' remind us that English orthography wasn't standardized until the 18th century—earlier texts show wildly different ways of spelling the same words!
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