In Hindu and Buddhist tradition, a universal monarch or supreme ruler who governs all territories, symbolizing absolute and righteous power.
From Sanskrit चक्रवर्तिन् (chakravartin), combining chakra (wheel, symbolizing rule) and vartin (turning, moving), literally meaning 'one whose wheel keeps turning,' i.e., a conquering ruler.
The concept of chakravartin shaped how Asian emperors saw themselves for over 2,000 years—not just as kings but as cosmically righteous rulers destined to bring order to the entire world.
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