A hard, fine-grained sedimentary rock made of microscopic silica crystals that was historically used to make tools and start fires.
Origin uncertain; possibly from Old English or Germanic roots, with early use documented in Middle English. Some scholars connect it to Old Frisian 'tsjerte,' though the etymology remains debated among geologists.
Chert was one of humanity's most important materials before metals—ancient peoples discovered that striking chert rocks together created sparks hot enough to ignite tinder, revolutionizing fire-making technology.
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