The state or condition of being Christian, or the collective group of all Christian people and Christian lands.
From 'christen' (Old English 'cristnian') + 'head' (Old English 'heafod', meaning chief or state). Medieval texts used this term to denote the unified Christian world as opposed to heathen or pagan territories.
During the Crusades, 'Christenhead' was a political and religious identity that united Europe against the Islamic world—it shows how faith and geography were inseparable in medieval thinking.
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