An officer or official in charge of church functions, maintenance, or ceremonies; a master of church affairs.
From church + master (from Old French maistre, from Latin magister 'greater, chief'). The master + X compounds typically denote someone in charge of that domain.
The word 'master' in older English meant 'expert' or 'one in charge'—which is why we have 'headmaster,' 'quartermaster,' 'postmaster'—but we've mostly replaced these with plainer titles, making compound master words feel charmingly old-fashioned.
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