A chemical compound or alkaloid related to cinchona, possibly a degradation or oxidation product of cinchona alkaloids.
From cinchona + -ia (Latin/Greek suffix used in chemical nomenclature), creating a noun form to denote a specific chemical entity or class of compounds derived from or related to cinchona bark.
This term exemplifies how 19th-century chemists invented naming conventions as they discovered compounds—they'd isolate something from cinchona and quickly invent a name like 'cinchonia' to describe it, even before they fully understood what it was.
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