Hiding something by covering it up or concealing it; also hiding your true identity or intentions.
From Middle French 'cloque' meaning a cloak or garment, the word entered English describing literal covering, then evolved to mean any kind of concealment.
The term 'cloaking device' in science fiction is based on real military technology like stealth aircraft, which don't turn invisible but scatter radar waves so nothing bounces back—true invisibility cloaking has been partially created in labs using metamaterials.
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