The process of forming ideas or concepts; the act of understanding or defining something mentally or in abstract terms.
From conceptual plus the suffix -isation (British spelling), derived from French conceptualiser. This modern term emerged in psychology and philosophy during the 20th century to describe cognitive processes.
The British spell it 'conceptualisation' with an 's', while Americans use 'conceptualization' with a 'z'—it's the same word, just following different spelling rules that go back to old French versus Latin traditions.
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