Condensation is the process by which a gas, like water vapor, cools down and changes into a liquid. You can see it as tiny droplets on a cold surface, like a window or a glass of ice water.
From Latin 'condēnsātiō', from 'condēnsāre' ('to make thick, condense'), with 'com-' and 'densus' ('thick'). It entered English in scientific writing to describe gases becoming 'thicker' liquids.
Those water drops on the outside of a cold drink didn’t leak through the cup—they came from the air itself turning back into liquid. Condensation is part of the same water cycle that makes clouds, rain, and even foggy breath on a cold day.
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