To make something depend on certain conditions or to treat something as if it's dependent on specific requirements.
From 'condition' (Latin 'conditio,' meaning agreement or state) plus the suffix '-alize' (to make or become). This is a modern word created in the 20th century by logicians and linguists.
Computer programmers and philosophers love this word because it describes exactly what happens when you write an 'if-then' statement—you're taking a general idea and making it conditional, or dependent on meeting certain criteria first.
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