A motion or proposal made in opposition to another motion, often in a formal meeting or legal proceeding.
From counter- (against) + motion (from Latin motio, 'a moving'). Commonly used in parliamentary procedure, meetings, and courts.
In many organizations, if someone makes a motion to do something, another person can immediately make a countermotion—essentially saying 'I propose we do the opposite'—which forces the group to debate both sides.
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