Plural of courthouse; buildings where courts of law meet and trials are held; government buildings for judicial proceedings.
Compound noun from 'court' (a place where justice is administered) + 'house' (a building), a straightforward English formation that dates back to at least the 14th century.
Courthouses became symbols of civic justice and democracy—they're usually prominently placed in town centers and built to look impressive, because the building itself was meant to communicate that justice matters and is accessible to all citizens!
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