Studying intensively in a short period, typically just before an examination.
From Old English 'crammian' meaning 'to stuff' or 'press tightly'. The educational sense emerged in the 19th century, metaphorically comparing the mind to a container being forcefully filled.
Neuroscience shows cramming creates fragile memories that fade quickly, yet students persist because it feels productive. The word's harsh consonants perfectly mirror the stressful, forceful nature of last-minute learning.
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