The detailed description, illustration, or systematic recording and analysis of skulls and their measurements.
From Greek 'kranion' (skull) + '-graphy' (act of writing/recording). This systematic methodology emerged in the 19th century as both legitimate anthropology and phrenological pseudoscience.
Craniography split into two paths: modern anthropology uses sophisticated measurements to trace human migration and evolution, while Victorian phrenological craniography tried to read character from bumps—same word, completely different validity.
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