The skull or cranium; sometimes used as an alternate term for the bony casing of the brain.
From Greek 'kranion' (skull), possibly with Latin nominalization '-um' influence. This variant is rare; the standard medical term is cranium, making craniom an archaic or highly specialized alternative.
Craniom is basically a fossil in modern medical terminology—cranium is the standard Latin-derived term, but craniom shows how earlier medical texts experimented with Greek-rooted alternatives before settling on standardized nomenclature.
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